{"id":10005,"date":"2016-11-01T10:03:44","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T09:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/?p=10005"},"modified":"2017-06-19T16:57:06","modified_gmt":"2017-06-19T14:57:06","slug":"melitaea-athalia-atalia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/melitaea-athalia-atalia\/","title":{"rendered":"Melitaea athalia &#8211; Atalia, fritillaria"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1458317537009{background-color: #efefef !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1477992502208{background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221;]<em><strong>Melitaea athalia<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0&#8211; Rottemburg, 1775 (sin. <em><strong>Mellicta\u00a0athalia<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0Billberg, 1820)[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"grve-element grve-dropcap\" style=\"\"><p><span class=\"grve-style-1 grve-bg-primary-1\">D<\/span>escrizione<\/p><\/div>[vc_column_text]Farfalla diurna della famiglia dei Ninfalidi.<br \/>\n\u00c8 una piccola farfalla piuttosto comune, difficilmente distinguibile da varie specie simili.<br \/>\nFrequenta margini dei boschi, radure, prati magri, dalla zona collinare sino alla montagna (circa m 2000 s.l.m.).<br \/>\nHa due generazioni annuali, con sfarfallamenti da maggio ad agosto.<br \/>\nIl bruco si nutre di melampiro, piantaggine, eufrasia, veronica e altre specie vegetali.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"grve-element grve-hr grve-dashed-line-divider\" style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><\/div><div class=\"grve-element grve-dropcap\" style=\"\"><p><span class=\"grve-style-1 grve-bg-primary-1\">S<\/span>pecie simile<\/p><\/div>[vc_column_text]Sono diverse le specie di <strong><em>MELITAEA<\/em> <\/strong>simili e non facilmente distinguibili tra loro.<\/p>\n<p>I nostri studi, comunque,\u00a0procedono&#8230; e presto speriamo di poter postare nuove indicazioni e nuove specie&#8230;[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"grve-element grve-hr grve-dashed-line-divider\" style=\"margin-bottom: 5px;padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text]<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/avvertenze-per-la-lettura-delle-schede\/\">AVVERTENZE PER LA LETTURA DELLE SCHEDE\u00a0<\/a><\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<h5 class=\"grve-element grve-align-left grve-title-line grve-h5\" style=\"\"><span>Galleria<\/span><\/h5><div class=\"grve-element grve-gallery grve-isotope grve-gallery-popup\" style=\"\" data-gutter=\"yes\" data-type=\"3-columns\" data-layout=\"fitRows\"><div class=\"grve-isotope-container\"><div class=\"grve-isotope-item \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal-wikimedia.jpg\"><figure class=\"grve-image-hover grve-zoom-in\"><div class=\"grve-media grve-dark-overlay grve-opacity-80\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal-wikimedia-560x560.jpg\" class=\"attachment-grve-image-small-square size-grve-image-small-square\" alt=\"Melitaea athalia [da wikimedia, foto di Didier Descouens - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=44737754]\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal-wikimedia-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal-wikimedia-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal-wikimedia-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal-wikimedia-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/div><figcaption><h6 class=\"grve-title grve-dark\">Melitaea athalia <br>[da wikimedia, foto di Didier Descouens &#8211; <br>Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, <br>commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/<br>index.php?curid=44737754]<\/h6><span class=\"grve-caption grve-dark\">Melitaea athalia <br>[da wikimedia, foto di Didier Descouens &#8211; <br>Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, <br>commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/<br>index.php?curid=44737754]<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"grve-isotope-item \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea-athalia-TeP-web_OK.jpg\"><figure class=\"grve-image-hover grve-zoom-in\"><div class=\"grve-media grve-dark-overlay grve-opacity-80\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea-athalia-TeP-web_OK-560x560.jpg\" class=\"attachment-grve-image-small-square size-grve-image-small-square\" alt=\"Melitaea athalia - Foto di Giampaolo Filippucci, Tiziana Ravagli\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea-athalia-TeP-web_OK-560x560.jpg 560w, https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea-athalia-TeP-web_OK-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea-athalia-TeP-web_OK-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/11\/Melitaea-athalia-TeP-web_OK-80x80.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/div><figcaption><h6 class=\"grve-title grve-dark\">Melitaea athalia &#8211; Foto di Giampaolo Filippucci, Tiziana Ravagli<\/h6><span class=\"grve-caption grve-dark\">Melitaea athalia &#8211; Foto di Giampaolo Filippucci, Tiziana Ravagli<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner]<div class=\"grve-element grve-hr grve-line-divider\" style=\"\"><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"grve-element grve-align-left grve-title-double-line\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8053 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/09\/arge-leps.it_.gif\" alt=\"Logo leps.it\" width=\"95\" height=\"64\" \/>Link da Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa [www.leps.it]:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.leps.it\/indexjs.htm?SpeciesPages\/MellicAthal.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>\u00a0Melitaea athalia\u00a0<\/em><\/a><strong>&#8211; Rottemburg, 1775<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"grve-element grve-hr grve-line-divider\" style=\"\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"grve-element grve-align-left grve-title-double-line\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-7834\" src=\"http:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/05\/imgres.jpg\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" width=\"152\" height=\"175\" \/><\/h5>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<div id=\"rdp-we-main\" data-resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heath_fritillary\">\n<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-aria-live-region\" class=\"mw-aria-live-region\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"mw-page-container\">\n\t<div class=\"mw-page-container-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-sitenotice-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-siteNotice\"><!-- CentralNotice --><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vector-column-start\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-content-container\">\n\t\t\t<main id=\"rdp-we-content\" class=\"mw-body\">\n\t\t\t\t<header class=\"mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar no-font-mode-scale\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-bodyContent\" class=\"vector-body\" aria-labelledby=\"firstHeading\" data-mw-ve-target-container>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vector-body-before-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-we-mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-body-content\"><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" data-mw-parsoid-version=\"0.25.0.0-alpha1\" data-mw-html-version=\"2.8.0\"><section data-mw-section-id=\"0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ\"><div class=\"shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux\" style=\"display:none\" about=\"#mwt1\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Short description\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Short_description\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Species of butterfly\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Species of butterfly<\/div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt1\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Articles_with_short_description\"\/><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata\"\/><\/span>\n<p about=\"#mwt3\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-empty-elt\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAw\" data-mw=\"{&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Use dmy dates&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Template:Use_dmy_dates&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;February 2020&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}},&quot;\\n&quot;,{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Speciesbox\\n&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;.\/Template:Speciesbox&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;image&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Heath fritillary (Melitaea athalia lachares).jpg&quot;},&quot;image2&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Melitaea athalia - Keila.jpg&quot;},&quot;image2_caption&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Both ''M. a. lachares'', Estonia&quot;},&quot;taxon&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Mellicta athalia&quot;},&quot;authority&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;([[S. A. von Rottemburg|Rottemburg]], 1775)&quot;},&quot;synonyms&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;{{hidden begin|title = List}} \\n* ''Melitaea alba'' {{small|Rehfous, 1905}}\\n* ''Melitaea aquilari'' {{small|Querci, 1932}}\\n* ''Melitaea athalia'' subsp. ''aphaea'' {{small|(H\u00fcbner, 1816)}}\\n* ''Melitaea athalia'' subsp. ''pyronia'' {{small|(H\u00fcbner, 1804)}}\\n* ''Melitaea athalia'' {{small|von Rottemburg, 1775}}\\n* ''Melitaea bifasciata'' {{small|Reverdin, 1914}}\\n* ''Melitaea cinnamomea'' {{small|Vorbrodt &amp; M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1917}}\\n* ''Melitaea cinxiodictynnoides'' {{small|Stauder, 1922}}\\n* ''Melitaea commacula'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea conica'' {{small|Matsumura, 1929}}\\n* ''Melitaea csikii'' {{small|Aigner-Abafi, 1906}}\\n* ''Melitaea demarginata'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea dictynnaesimilis'' {{small|Verity, 1930}}\\n* ''Melitaea fallax'' {{small|Hormuzaki, 1925}}\\n* ''Melitaea flavescens'' {{small|Matsumura, 1929}}\\n* ''Melitaea flavoelongata'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea fulla'' {{small|Quensel, 1791}}\\n* ''Melitaea funesta'' {{small|Stauder, 1922}}\\n* ''Melitaea indigna'' {{small|Cabeau, 1922}}\\n* ''Melitaea latonigena'' {{small|Spuler, 1901}}\\n* ''Melitaea leucophana'' {{small|Cabeau, 1912}}\\n* ''Melitaea ligata'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea melanina'' {{small|Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer}}\\n* ''Melitaea mirabilis'' {{small|Fern\u00e1ndez, 1929}}\\n* ''Melitaea mirefasciata'' {{small|Cabeau, 1923}}\\n* ''Melitaea molpadia'' {{small|Varin, 1933}}\\n* ''Melitaea navarina'' {{small|de Selys-Longchamps, 1837}}\\n* ''Melitaea nigrathalia'' {{small|Johnstone, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea nigrobella'' {{small|Rocci, 1942}}\\n* ''Melitaea nigropunctata'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea norvegica'' {{small|Aurivillius, 1888}}\\n* ''Melitaea obsoleta'' {{small|Tutt, 1896}}\\n* ''Melitaea phyciodina'' {{small|Hormuzaki, 1934}}\\n* ''Melitaea poedotrophos'' {{small|Bergstrasser, 1780}}\\n* ''Melitaea postdivergens'' {{small|Rocci, 1930}}\\n* ''Melitaea postfuscofasciata'' {{small|Goodson, 1960}}\\n* ''Melitaea progressiva'' {{small|Ksenzhopol'sky, 1911}}\\n* ''Melitaea pseudodelminia'' {{small|Verity, 1940}}\\n* ''Melitaea radiata'' {{small|Eisner, 1942}}\\n* ''Melitaea retyezatica'' {{small|Di\u00f3szeghy, 1930}}\\n* ''Melitaea sohana'' {{small|Cabeau, 1922}}\\n* ''Melitaea spadana'' {{small|Cabeau, 1922}}\\n* ''Melitaea submaxima'' {{small|Verity, 1924}}\\n* ''Melitaea subtusnigrescens'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea tectensis'' {{small|Cabeau, 1922}}\\n* ''Melitaea tessellata'' {{small|Stephens, 1827}}\\n* ''Melitaea transitoria'' {{small|Eisner, 1942}}\\n* ''Melitaea tricolor'' {{small|Hormuzaki, 1897}}\\n* ''Melitaea unifasciata'' {{small|Caruel, 1944}}\\n* ''Melitaea virgata'' {{small|Tutt, 1896}}\\n* ''Mellicta aphaea'' {{small|H\u00fcbner}}\\n* ''Mellicta athalia'' subsp. ''athalia''\\n* ''Mellicta athalia'' subsp. ''norvegica '' {{small|(Aurivillius, 1888)}}\\n* ''Mellicta corythallia'' {{small|H\u00fcbner, 1790}}\\n* ''Mellicta dorfmeisteri'' {{small|Hellweger, 1911}}\\n* ''Mellicta hertha'' {{small|Quensel, 1791}}\\n* ''Mellicta neglecta'' {{small|Pfau, 1962}}\\n* ''Mellicta nigriornea'' {{small|Lempke, 1955}}\\n* ''Mellicta nigromarginata'' {{small|Lempke, 1955}}\\n* ''Mellicta reticulata'' {{small|Higgins, 1955}}\\n* ''Mellicta samonica'' {{small|Riesen, 1891}}\\n* ''Papilio athalia'' {{small|Rottemburg, 1775}}\\n* ''Papilio eos'' {{small|Haworth, 1803}}\\n* ''Papilio leucippe'' {{small|Schneider, 1789}}\\n* ''Papilio pyronia'' {{small|H\u00fcbner, 1804}}\\n{{hidden end}}&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:1}}]}\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2020\"\/>\n<\/p><table class=\"infobox biota\" style=\"text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%\" about=\"#mwt3\">\n<tbody><tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" style=\"color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)\">Heath fritillary<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Frameless\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_fritillary_(Melitaea_athalia_lachares).jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_fritillary_(Melitaea_athalia_lachares).jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/89\/Heath_fritillary_%28Melitaea_athalia_lachares%29.jpg\/250px-Heath_fritillary_%28Melitaea_athalia_lachares%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Frameless\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_-_Keila.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_-_Keila.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Melitaea_athalia_-_Keila.jpg\/250px-Melitaea_athalia_-_Keila.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"167\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 88%\">Both <i>M. a. lachares<\/i>, Estonia<\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" style=\"color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taxonomy_(biology)\" title=\"Taxonomy (biology)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Scientific classification<\/a> <span class=\"plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert\" style=\"font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" data-mw='{\"caption\":\"Edit this classification\"}'><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Taxonomy\/Mellicta\" title=\"Edit this classification\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edit this classification\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"15\" width=\"15\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kingdom:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal\" title=\"Animal\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Animalia<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\"> \n<td>Phylum:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthropod\" title=\"Arthropod\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Arthropoda<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\"> \n<td><i>Clade<\/i>:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pancrustacea\" title=\"Pancrustacea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Pancrustacea<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\"> \n<td>Class:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Insect\" title=\"Insect\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Insecta<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\"> \n<td>Order:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lepidoptera\" title=\"Lepidoptera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Lepidoptera<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\"> \n<td>Family:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nymphalidae\" title=\"Nymphalidae\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Nymphalidae<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\"> \n<td>Genus:<\/td>\n<td><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mellicta\" title=\"Mellicta\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><i>Mellicta<\/i><\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"taxonrow\">\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<td>Species:<\/td>\n<td><div style=\"display:inline\" class=\"species\"><i><b>M.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span>athalia<\/b><\/i><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" style=\"color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Binomial_nomenclature\" title=\"Binomial nomenclature\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Binomial name<\/a><\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: center\"><b><span class=\"binomial\"><span style=\"font-weight:normal;\"><\/span><i>Mellicta athalia<\/i><\/span><\/b><br\/><div style=\"font-size: 85%;\">(<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S._A._von_Rottemburg\" title=\"S. A. von Rottemburg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Rottemburg<\/a>, 1775)<\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" style=\"color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Synonym_(taxonomy)\" title=\"Synonym (taxonomy)\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Synonyms<\/a><\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" style=\"text-align: left\">\n<div class=\"hidden-begin mw-collapsible  mw-collapsed\" style=\"   \"><div class=\"hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color\" style=\"  \">List<\/div><div class=\"hidden-content mw-collapsible-content\" style=\"  \"> \n<ul><li><i>Melitaea alba<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Rehfous, 1905<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea aquilari<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Querci, 1932<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea athalia<\/i> subsp. <i>aphaea<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">(H\u00fcbner, 1816)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea athalia<\/i> subsp. <i>pyronia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">(H\u00fcbner, 1804)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea athalia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">von Rottemburg, 1775<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea bifasciata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Reverdin, 1914<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea cinnamomea<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Vorbrodt &amp; M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1917<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea cinxiodictynnoides<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Stauder, 1922<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea commacula<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea conica<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Matsumura, 1929<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea csikii<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Aigner-Abafi, 1906<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea demarginata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea dictynnaesimilis<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Verity, 1930<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea fallax<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Hormuzaki, 1925<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea flavescens<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Matsumura, 1929<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea flavoelongata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea fulla<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Quensel, 1791<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea funesta<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Stauder, 1922<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea indigna<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Cabeau, 1922<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea latonigena<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Spuler, 1901<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea leucophana<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Cabeau, 1912<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea ligata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea melanina<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea mirabilis<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Fern\u00e1ndez, 1929<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea mirefasciata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Cabeau, 1923<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea molpadia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Varin, 1933<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea navarina<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">de Selys-Longchamps, 1837<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea nigrathalia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Johnstone, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea nigrobella<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Rocci, 1942<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea nigropunctata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea norvegica<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Aurivillius, 1888<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea obsoleta<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Tutt, 1896<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea phyciodina<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Hormuzaki, 1934<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea poedotrophos<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Bergstrasser, 1780<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea postdivergens<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Rocci, 1930<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea postfuscofasciata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Goodson, 1960<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea progressiva<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Ksenzhopol'sky, 1911<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea pseudodelminia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Verity, 1940<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea radiata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Eisner, 1942<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea retyezatica<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Di\u00f3szeghy, 1930<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea sohana<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Cabeau, 1922<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea spadana<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Cabeau, 1922<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea submaxima<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Verity, 1924<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea subtusnigrescens<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea tectensis<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Cabeau, 1922<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea tessellata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Stephens, 1827<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea transitoria<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Eisner, 1942<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea tricolor<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Hormuzaki, 1897<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea unifasciata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Caruel, 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Melitaea virgata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Tutt, 1896<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta aphaea<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">H\u00fcbner<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta athalia<\/i> subsp. <i>athalia<\/i><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta athalia<\/i> subsp. <i>norvegica <\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">(Aurivillius, 1888)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta corythallia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">H\u00fcbner, 1790<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta dorfmeisteri<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Hellweger, 1911<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta hertha<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Quensel, 1791<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta neglecta<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Pfau, 1962<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta nigriornea<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Lempke, 1955<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta nigromarginata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Lempke, 1955<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta reticulata<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Higgins, 1955<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Mellicta samonica<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Riesen, 1891<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Papilio athalia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Rottemburg, 1775<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Papilio eos<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Haworth, 1803<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Papilio leucippe<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">Schneider, 1789<\/span><\/li>\n<li><i>Papilio pyronia<\/i> <span style=\"font-size: 85%;\">H\u00fcbner, 1804<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/td><\/tr>\n\n\n\n\n<\/tbody><\/table><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Articles_with_'species'_microformats\" about=\"#mwt3\"\/><span typeof=\"mw:Nowiki\" about=\"#mwt3\"><\/span>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwBA\">The <b id=\"rdp-we-mwBQ\">heath fritillary<\/b> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwBg\"><b id=\"rdp-we-mwBw\">Melitaea athalia<\/b><\/i>) is a species of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Butterfly\" title=\"Butterfly\" id=\"rdp-we-mwCA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">butterfly<\/a> in the family <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nymphalidae\" title=\"Nymphalidae\" id=\"rdp-we-mwCQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Nymphalidae<\/a>. It is found throughout the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palaearctic\" title=\"Palaearctic\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwCg\" target=\"_new\">Palaearctic<\/a> from western Europe to Japan, in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heathland\" title=\"Heathland\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwCw\" target=\"_new\">heathland<\/a>, grassland, and in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coppice\" title=\"Coppice\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwDA\" target=\"_new\">coppiced<\/a> woodland. Its association with coppiced woodland earned it the name \"woodman's follower\" in parts of the UK.<sup about=\"#mwt7\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-BC-nd_1-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"BC-nd\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-BC-nd-1\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-BC-nd-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwDQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwDg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwDw\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwEA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> It is considered a threatened species in the UK and Germany, but not Europe-wide or globally.<\/p>\n\n<meta property=\"mw:PageProp\/toc\" id=\"rdp-we-mwEQ\" data-mw='{\"autoGenerated\":true}'\/><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwEg\" aria-labelledby=\"Description\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Description\">Description<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt8\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwEw\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Entomology glossary hatnote\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Entomology_glossary_hatnote\"},\"params\":{},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span><div role=\"note\" class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" about=\"#mwt8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwFA\">For a key to the terms used, see <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_entomology_terms\" title=\"Glossary of entomology terms\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Glossary of entomology terms<\/a>.<\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwFQ\">Heath fritillaries have a wingspan of 39\u201347<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwFg\">\u00a0<\/span>mm.<sup about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-warrenemmet-2\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwFw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwGA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwGQ\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwGg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> The upperside is predominantly dark brown and orange brown, with the orange-brown spots delineated by dark brown (along and across the wing veins); there is a white fringe to the wings through which the dark brown extends. The upperside of the body is a similar dark brown to the colour on the wing, and the base of both wings is dark brown. The underside shows bands of red and (off-)white, again with each vein dark brown and each colour delineated by dark brown. The pattern of white spots at the base of the hindwing (visible at rest) is diagnostic for identification.<\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwGw\">These wing patterns are very similar to the appearance of <i id=\"rdp-we-mwHA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glanville_fritillary\" title=\"Glanville fritillary\" id=\"rdp-we-mwHQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Melitaea cinxia<\/a><\/i>. However, the dark brown bands on underside of the wings are more distinct in the heath fritillary than in <i id=\"rdp-we-mwHg\">M. cinxia<\/i>. <\/p>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/gallery\" about=\"#mwt12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwHw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"mode\":\"packed\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 185.33333333333px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIA\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 183.33333333333px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIQ\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Male\" id=\"rdp-we-mwIw\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal.jpg\/330px-Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_dorsal.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Male\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"184\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJA\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJQ\">Male<\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 184.66666666667px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJg\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 182.66666666667px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwJw\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKA\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_ventral.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Male underside\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKQ\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_ventral.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_ventral.jpg\/330px-Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_UT_2013_3_29_Urval_male_ventral.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Male underside\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"183\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKg\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwKw\">Male underside<\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 210px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLA\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 208px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLQ\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_dorsal.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Female\" id=\"rdp-we-mwLw\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_dorsal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/23\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_dorsal.jpg\/330px-Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_dorsal.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Female\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"208\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwMA\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwMQ\">Female<\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 205.33333333333px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwMg\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 203.33333333333px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwMw\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNA\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_ventral.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"Female underside\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNQ\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_ventral.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_ventral.jpg\/330px-Melitaea_athalia_MHNT_CUT_2013_3_29_Urval_female_ventral.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Female underside\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"120\" width=\"204\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNg\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwNw\">Female underside<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOA\" aria-labelledby=\"Range\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Range\">Range<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwOQ\">The heath fritillary ranges throughout the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palaearctic\" title=\"Palaearctic\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOg\" target=\"_new\">Palaearctic<\/a> region from western Europe to Japan.<sup about=\"#mwt13\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwOw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPQ\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> In Europe, it is absent from Iceland, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, southern Portugal, southern Spain, the Mediterranean islands and southern Greece.<sup about=\"#mwt15\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwPw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwQA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwQQ\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwQg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwQw\">In the UK, it is restricted to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cornwall\" title=\"Cornwall\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Cornwall<\/a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Devon\" title=\"Devon\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Devon<\/a> grasslands (abandoned hay meadows); <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exmoor\" title=\"Exmoor\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Exmoor<\/a> (heathland); and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kent\" title=\"Kent\" id=\"rdp-we-mwRw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Kent<\/a> and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essex\" title=\"Essex\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Essex<\/a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coppice\" title=\"Coppice\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSQ\" target=\"_new\">coppiced<\/a> woodland on acid soils).<sup about=\"#mwt17\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tomstill_4-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tomstill\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-tomstill-4\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tomstill-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwSw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTA\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> The populations in Essex are the result of <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reintroduction\" title=\"Reintroduction\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTg\" target=\"_new\">reintroductions<\/a>,<sup about=\"#mwt18\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwTw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwUA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwUQ\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwUg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> and further reintroductions are ongoing in various other parts of the UK.<sup about=\"#mwt20\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Chandler_5-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Chandler\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Chandler-5\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Chandler-5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwUw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwVA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwVQ\">[<\/span>5<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwVg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> In the late 1990s, the species was estimated to occupy just 0.2% within the 10-km grid squares over the whole of its UK range.<sup about=\"#mwt22\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-Cowley_6-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"Cowley\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-Cowley-6\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-Cowley-6\" id=\"rdp-we-mwVw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwWA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwWQ\">[<\/span>6<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwWg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwWw\">Its altitudinal range is from sea level to 2600<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXA\">\u00a0<\/span>m.<sup about=\"#mwt23\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwXw\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwYA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwYQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Status\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Status\">Status<\/h2><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwYg\">Heath fritillary is not listed on the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IUCN_Red_List\" title=\"IUCN Red List\" id=\"rdp-we-mwYw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IUCN Red List<\/a>,<sup about=\"#mwt25\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-7\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-7\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZg\">[<\/span>7<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwZw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> suggesting that globally it is not considered threatened. In the UK, however, the species was \"considered to be the most endangered British butterfly\" after a nationwide survey in 1980 found only 31 surviving colonies. Consequently, it was given protection under the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wildlife_and_Countryside_Act_1981\" title=\"Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981\" id=\"rdp-we-mwaA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt26\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwaQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwag\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwaw\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwbA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Despite subsequent widespread efforts to conserve and manage the species' habitats, it has continued to decline: distribution has declined 25% since the 1970s, and abundance-wise it declined by 46% in the 10 years 1995\u20132004.<sup about=\"#mwt28\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwbQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwbg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwbw\">[<\/span>8<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwcA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Woodland sites in Kent and Essex are actively managed (coppiced) for the conservation of this species. It has been a \"high priority\" species in the UK <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biodiversity_Action_Plan\" title=\"Biodiversity Action Plan\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwcQ\" target=\"_new\">Biodiversity Action Plan<\/a> since 1995 and has its own <i id=\"rdp-we-mwcg\">Species Action Plan<\/i>.<sup about=\"#mwt30\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-9\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-9\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwcw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdQ\">[<\/span>9<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwdg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwdw\">Heath fritillary is also on the \"Red List\" in Germany.<sup about=\"#mwt32\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-10\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-10\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mweA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mweQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mweg\">[<\/span>10<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwew\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwfA\">However, the species is considered of \"least concern\" on a European scale.<sup about=\"#mwt34\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwfw\">[<\/span>11<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Habitat\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Habitat\">Habitat<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwgg\">Within Europe, the heath fritillary occupies a diversity of grassy, flowery habitats\u2014dry or damp, upland or lowland, with or without shrubs or trees, including woodland clearings and heathland.<sup about=\"#mwt35\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwgw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhQ\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt37\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-12\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwhw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwiA\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwiQ\">[<\/span>12<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwig\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwiw\">More specifically, in England, this species occupies three distinct habitats:<sup about=\"#mwt38\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-BC-nd_1-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"BC-nd\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-BC-nd-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjg\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwjw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt39\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkg\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwkw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt40\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tomstill_4-1\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tomstill\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tomstill-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlg\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwlw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwmA\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwmQ\">Unimproved grassland with abundant short (5\u201315<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwmg\">\u00a0<\/span>cm) or sparse swards of ribwort plantain or germander speedwell (or both) on stony soils \u2013 sometimes in the form of abandoned hay meadows<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwmw\">Sheltered heathland with <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Common_cow-wheat\" title=\"Common cow-wheat\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwnA\" target=\"_new\">common cow-wheat<\/a> scattered among <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bilberry\" title=\"Bilberry\" id=\"rdp-we-mwnQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bilberry<\/a>-dominated vegetation \u2013 valleys with mineral soils<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwng\">Coppiced woodland (especially in clearings) with common cow-wheat on acid soils.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwnw\">In France, this species also occurs on unimproved hay meadows and pastures.<sup about=\"#mwt41\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-5\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwoA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwoQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwog\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwow\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwpA\" aria-labelledby=\"Conservation_projects\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Conservation_projects\">Conservation projects<\/h3><\/div>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwpQ\">The Wilder Blean project, headed up by the Wildwood Trust and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kent_Wildlife_Trust\" title=\"Kent Wildlife Trust\" id=\"rdp-we-mwpg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Kent Wildlife Trust<\/a>, is introducing <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_bison\" title=\"European bison\" id=\"rdp-we-mwpw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">European bison<\/a> to the UK for the first time in 6000 years. Their actions create open, light-flooded patches that encourage the growth of cow wheat.<sup about=\"#mwt44\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-13\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqg\">[<\/span>13<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwqw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> The herd of 3 females and 1 male will be set free in 2022 within a 2,500-acre conservation area in Blean Woods near Canterbury.<sup about=\"#mwt47\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-14\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrg\">[<\/span>14<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwrw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt50\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-15\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"rdp-we-mwsA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwsQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwsg\">[<\/span>15<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwsw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"6\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtA\" aria-labelledby=\"Habits\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Habits\">Habits<\/h2><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtQ\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea.athalia.1.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtg\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Melitaea.athalia.1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/Melitaea.athalia.1.jpg\/250px-Melitaea.athalia.1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"166\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwtw\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwuA\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwuQ\">Heath fritillaries typically fly close to the ground, with characteristic \"flits\" and glides. Colonies tend to be compact, centred on favoured breeding areas. Heath fritillaries are highly sedentary for the most part, adults rarely moving more than 100<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwug\">\u00a0<\/span>m; however, some have been recorded dispersing up to 2<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwuw\">\u00a0<\/span>km. For a species of often short-lived habitats, it has remarkably limited colonizing ability; suitable habitats over 600<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvA\">\u00a0<\/span>m from an existing colony are colonized slowly.<sup about=\"#mwt51\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-BC-nd_1-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"BC-nd\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-BC-nd-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwvw\">[<\/span>1<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwwA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"7\" id=\"rdp-we-mwwQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Life_cycle\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Life_cycle\">Life cycle<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwwg\" aria-labelledby=\"Egg\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Egg\">Egg<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwww\">The female heath fritillary lays its eggs (or ova) in batches of (15\u2013)80\u2013150 on the underside of leaf of a larval food plant or on a plant adjacent to the larval food plant.<\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwxA\">Eggs are oval spheroids with flattened bases, about 0.5<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxQ\">\u00a0<\/span>mm high. They are ribbed (longitudinally, i.e. from top to bottom) and striated (transversely, i.e. around the egg). Pale cream when laid, eggs darken to pale yellow within two days, and then dark grey a few days before hatching. Eggs mature in two to three weeks.<sup about=\"#mwt52\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwxw\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyA\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyg\" aria-labelledby=\"Caterpillar\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Caterpillar\">Caterpillar<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwyw\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_Fritillary_caterpillar.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwzA\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_Fritillary_caterpillar.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/Heath_Fritillary_caterpillar.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"220\" width=\"191\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwzQ\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwzg\">The caterpillar is black with yellow-orange spines and off-white spots<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwzw\">Upon emergence, first-<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instar\" title=\"Instar\" id=\"rdp-we-mw0A\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">instar<\/a> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caterpillar\" title=\"Caterpillar\" id=\"rdp-we-mw0Q\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">caterpillars<\/a> (or larvae) eat their eggshells. The caterpillars from a clutch initially stay together, feeding in a small, unobtrusive web. Second or third instar caterpillars disperse into smaller groups. Then the third instars tend to feed and rest solitarily; they rest beneath dead leaves at night and during bad weather. The caterpillar <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hibernate\" title=\"Hibernate\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mw0g\" target=\"_new\">hibernates<\/a> for the winter in a <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hibernaculum_(zoology)\" title=\"Hibernaculum (zoology)\" id=\"rdp-we-mw0w\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">hibernaculum<\/a>, made from a curled dead leaf by spinning its edges together. Hibernacula are usually close to the ground. Although most caterpillars hibernate singly, they sometimes group in twos and threes, although 15 to 20 caterpillars have been found in single hibernaculum.<sup about=\"#mwt53\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-7\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1A\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1Q\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1g\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw1w\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw2A\">Caterpillars re-emerge in early spring. When it is warm, they feed a little, but most of the time is spent basking in the sun. There are six instars in total. The full-grown sixth instar caterpillar is 22\u201325<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mw2Q\">\u00a0<\/span>mm long, and predominantly black; it has pale (yellow-orange) spines and (greyish-white) spots.<sup about=\"#mwt54\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mw2g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw2w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3A\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3Q\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt55\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tomstill_4-2\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tomstill\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tomstill-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3g\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw3w\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4A\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4Q\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"10\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4g\" aria-labelledby=\"Pupa\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Pupa\">Pupa<\/h3><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-left\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mw4w\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_Fritillary_pupa.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mw5A\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_Fritillary_pupa.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/32\/Heath_Fritillary_pupa.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"320\" width=\"240\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mw5Q\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mw5g\">The pupa is predominantly brown and white<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw5w\">The pupae are 12.4\u201312.8<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6A\">\u00a0<\/span>cm long and last 15\u201325 days (early May to late June in the UK). They are white with black and orange-brown blotches. Pupae are usually found close to the ground in or beneath dead leaves.<sup about=\"#mwt56\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-9\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw6w\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt57\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tomstill_4-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tomstill\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tomstill-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw7w\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw8A\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw8Q\">A study in Cornwall, England, recorded mortality rates in the region of 50%, mostly from predation by small mammals, but including predation by beetles, and <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parasitism\" title=\"Parasitism\" id=\"rdp-we-mw8g\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">parasitism<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt58\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-10\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mw8w\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9A\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9Q\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9g\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p><!-- (Warren, 1985, cited in Warren and Emmet, 1990). -->\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"11\" id=\"rdp-we-mw9w\" aria-labelledby=\"Imago\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"rdp-we-Imago\">Imago<\/h3><\/div>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-A\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:P1160778_Melitaea_athalia.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-Q\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:P1160778_Melitaea_athalia.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/P1160778_Melitaea_athalia.jpg\/250px-P1160778_Melitaea_athalia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"188\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mw-g\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mw-w\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mw_A\">Imagines probably live for 5\u201310 days.<sup about=\"#mwt59\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mw_Q\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mw_g\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mw_w\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> Males are active on warm sunny days. Females mate once shortly after emerging; they lay their eggs only during warm weather, spending most of the time either basking or hiding in vegetation.<sup about=\"#mwt60\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-12\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQE\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQI\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQM\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQQ\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt61\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tomstill_4-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tomstill\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tomstill-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQU\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQY\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQc\">[<\/span>4<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQg\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<section data-mw-section-id=\"12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQk\" aria-labelledby=\"Flight_period\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading4\"><h4 id=\"rdp-we-Flight_period\">Flight period<\/h4><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAQo\">Across its range (see \"Subspecies and variation\" below), subspecies <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAQs\">M. a. athalia<\/i> shows a protracted flight period from mid-May to mid-August. In favourable localities and\/or favourable seasons, a partial second brood has been recorded from mid- or late August to September.<sup about=\"#mwt62\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-3\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQw\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ0\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ4\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAQ8\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> In the UK, the flight period is from the end of May to the beginning of July (in the south-west) and early June to early August (in the south-east).<sup about=\"#mwt63\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-13\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARI\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARM\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwARQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fennoscandia\" title=\"Fennoscandia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARU\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fennoscandian<\/a> subspecies <i id=\"rdp-we-mwARY\">M. a. norvegica<\/i> flies in June\u2013July, precise timing being affected by the season.<sup about=\"#mwt64\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-4\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARc\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARg\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARk\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwARo\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwARs\">In southern Europe, subspecies <i id=\"rdp-we-mwARw\">M. a. celadussa<\/i> flies in a single brood at high altitude in June and July. Below the subalpine level, however, it is <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voltinism\" title=\"Voltinism\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAR0\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">bivoltine<\/a>, flying in May\u2013June and late July\u2013August\u2014except for f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAR4\">nevadensis<\/i> in the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sierra_Nevada_(Spain)\" title=\"Sierra Nevada (Spain)\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAR8\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sierra Nevada<\/a>, which is univoltine.<sup about=\"#mwt65\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-5\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASA\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASE\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASI\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASM\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><\/section><\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"13\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASQ\" aria-labelledby=\"Host_plants\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Host_plants\">Host plants<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwASU\">In the UK, the following species are used:<sup about=\"#mwt66\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-14\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"warrenemmet\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASc\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASg\">[<\/span>2<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASk\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<figure class=\"mw-default-size mw-halign-right\" typeof=\"mw:File\/Thumb\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASo\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ribwort_600.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASs\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ribwort_600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Ribwort_600.jpg\/250px-Ribwort_600.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"302\" width=\"250\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwASw\"\/><\/a><figcaption id=\"rdp-we-mwAS0\">Ribwort plantain\u2014one of the two main food plants on grassland<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAS4\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAS8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melampyrum_pratense\" title=\"Melampyrum pratense\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Common cow-wheat<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwATE\">Melampyrum pratense<\/i>) \u2013 the only food plant in woodland, and principal food plant on heathland<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwATI\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digitalis_purpurea\" title=\"Digitalis purpurea\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATM\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Common foxglove<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwATQ\">Digitalis purpurea<\/i>) \u2013 secondary food plant on heathland<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwATU\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ribwort_plantain\" title=\"Ribwort plantain\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATY\" target=\"_new\">Ribwort plantain<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwATc\">Plantago lanceolata<\/i>) \u2013 major food plant on grassland<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwATg\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veronica_chamaedrys\" title=\"Veronica chamaedrys\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATk\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Germander speedwell<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwATo\">Veronica chamaedrys<\/i>) \u2013 major food plant on grassland<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwATs\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plantago_major\" title=\"Plantago major\" id=\"rdp-we-mwATw\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Greater plantain<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAT0\">Plantago major<\/i>) \u2013 secondary food plant<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAT4\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veronica_hederifolia\" title=\"Veronica hederifolia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAT8\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Ivy-leaved speedwell<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAUA\">Veronica hederifolia<\/i>) \u2013 secondary food plant<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAUE\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veronica_serpyllifolia\" title=\"Veronica serpyllifolia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Thyme-leaved speedwell<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAUM\">Veronica serpyllifolia<\/i>) \u2013 secondary food plant<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAUQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yarrow\" title=\"Yarrow\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUU\" target=\"_new\">Yarrow<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAUY\">Achillea millefolium<\/i>) \u2013 secondary food plant<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAUc\">Additional host plants used elsewhere in Europe are:<sup about=\"#mwt67\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-6\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUg\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUk\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUo\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAUs\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAUw\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAU0\">Alpine <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plantago\" title=\"Plantago\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAU4\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">plantain<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAU8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plantago_alpina\" title=\"Plantago alpina\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Plantago alpina<\/a><\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAVE\">Mountain <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veronica_(plant)\" title=\"Veronica (plant)\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">speedwell<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAVM\">Veronica montana<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAVQ\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veronica_officinalis\" title=\"Veronica officinalis\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVU\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Heath speedwell<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAVY\">Veronica officinalis<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAVc\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veronica_spicata\" title=\"Veronica spicata\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Spiked speedwell<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAVk\">Veronica spicata<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAVo\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melampyrum\" title=\"Melampyrum\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAVs\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Small cow-wheat<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAVw\">Melampyrum sylvaticum<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAV0\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digitalis_ferruginea\" title=\"Digitalis ferruginea\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAV4\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Rusty foxglove<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAV8\">Digitalis ferruginea<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAWA\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digitalis_lutea\" title=\"Digitalis lutea\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Yellow foxglove<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAWI\">Digitalis lutea<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAWM\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linaria_vulgaris\" title=\"Linaria vulgaris\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWQ\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Common toadflax<\/a> (<i id=\"rdp-we-mwAWU\">Linaria vulgaris<\/i>)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"14\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWY\" aria-labelledby=\"Subspecies_and_variation\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Subspecies_and_variation\">Subspecies and variation<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAWc\">Up to eight <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subspecies\" title=\"Subspecies\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWg\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">subspecies<\/a> are recognized in Europe:<sup about=\"#mwt68\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-7\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWk\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWo\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWs\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAWw\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><sup about=\"#mwt70\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-savela_16-0\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"savela\"},\"body\":{\"id\":\"mw-reference-text-cite_note-savela-16\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-savela-16\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAW0\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAW4\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAW8\">[<\/span>16<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXA\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAXE\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAXI\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAXM\">M. a. athalia<\/i> \u2013 from the Atlantic coast to the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosphorus\" title=\"Bosphorus\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXQ\" target=\"_new\">Bosphorus<\/a> (<a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\" title=\"Turkey\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXU\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Turkey<\/a>) (altitude 0\u20132200<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXY\">\u00a0<\/span>m), excluding the ranges of the following subspecies<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAXc\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAXg\">M. a. norvegica<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAXk\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Per_Olof_Christopher_Aurivillius\" title=\"Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Aurivillius<\/a> 1888<\/small> \u2013 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fennoscandia\" title=\"Fennoscandia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXs\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fennoscandia<\/a> (altitude 0\u2013800<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAXw\">\u00a0<\/span>m)<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAX0\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAX4\">M. a. celadussa<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAX8\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hans_Fruhstorfer\" title=\"Hans Fruhstorfer\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYA\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fr\u00fchstorfer<\/a> 1910<\/small> \u2013 northern <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iberian_Peninsula\" title=\"Iberian Peninsula\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYE\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Iberia<\/a> and the <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sierra_Nevada_(Spain)\" title=\"Sierra Nevada (Spain)\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sierra Nevada<\/a>, southern France, southern Switzerland, Italy (including <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicily\" title=\"Sicily\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYM\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Sicily<\/a>) (altitude 0\u20132600<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYQ\">\u00a0<\/span>m)<\/li><\/ul>\n<dl id=\"rdp-we-mwAYU\"><dd id=\"rdp-we-mwAYY\"><ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAYc\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAYg\">The transitional zone between subspecies <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAYk\">athalia<\/i> and <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAYo\">celadussa<\/i> is broad\u2014up to 150<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAYs\">\u00a0<\/span>km in places<\/li><\/ul><\/dd><\/dl>\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAYw\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAY0\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAY4\">M. a. dictynnoides<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAY8\">(Hormuzaki 1898)<\/small> \u2013 south-west Europe?<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAZA\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAZE\">M. a. lucifuga<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAZI\">(Fruhstorfer 1917)<\/small> \u2013 south-east Europe<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAZM\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAZQ\">M. a. reticulata<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAZU\">Higgins 1955<\/small> \u2013 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Altai_Krai\" title=\"Altai Krai\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZY\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Altai<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAZc\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAZg\">M. a. baikalensis<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAZk\">(Bremer 1961)<\/small> \u2013 southern <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siberia\" title=\"Siberia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZo\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Siberia<\/a> to <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amur_Oblast\" title=\"Amur Oblast\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZs\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Amur<\/a>?<\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAZw\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAZ0\">M. a. hyperborea<\/i> <small id=\"rdp-we-mwAZ4\">Dubatolov 1997<\/small> \u2013 <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magadan\" title=\"Magadan\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAZ8\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Magadan<\/a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamchatka\" title=\"Kamchatka\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaA\" target=\"_new\">Kamchatka<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAaE\">Many forms and subspecies of <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAaI\">M. a. athalia<\/i> have been described, but are best regarded as \"ecological variants\" and intermediates in <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clinal_variation\" title=\"Clinal variation\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaM\" target=\"_new\">clinal variation<\/a>.<sup about=\"#mwt71\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-8\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaQ\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaU\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaY\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAac\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria\" title=\"Bulgaria\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAag\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Bulgaria<\/a> has f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAak\">boris<\/i> Fr\u00fchstorfer, with heavier marginal borders, alongside the typical nominate form.<sup about=\"#mwt72\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-9\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAao\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAas\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAaw\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAa0\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAa4\">In central Sweden and Finland, <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAa8\">M. a. norvegica<\/i> f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAbA\">lachares<\/i> Fr\u00fchstorfer has finer black markings; transitional forms between f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAbE\">lachares<\/i> and typical <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAbI\">M. a. norvegica<\/i> occur in southern Sweden.<sup about=\"#mwt73\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-10\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbM\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbQ\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbU\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbY\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<dl id=\"rdp-we-mwAbc\"><dt id=\"rdp-we-mwAbg\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAbk\">Melitaea athalia celadussa<\/i><\/dt><\/dl>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/gallery\" about=\"#mwt74\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"mode\":\"packed\",\"heights\":\"130px\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 184px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbs\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 182px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAbw\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAb0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_dorsal.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"\u2642\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAb4\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_dorsal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_dorsal.jpg\/330px-%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_dorsal.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\u2642\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"182\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAb8\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcA\">\u2642 <\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 196.66666666667px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcE\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 194.66666666667px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcI\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcM\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_ventral.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"\u2642  \u25b3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcQ\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_ventral.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/32\/%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_ventral.jpg\/330px-%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_male_ventral.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\u2642  \u25b3\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"195\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcU\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcY\">\u2642  \u25b3<\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 216px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcc\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 214px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcg\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAck\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_dorsal.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"\u2640\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAco\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_dorsal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_dorsal.jpg\/330px-%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_dorsal.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\u2640\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"214\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcs\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAcw\">\u2640  <\/div><\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 212.66666666667px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAc0\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 210.66666666667px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAc4\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAc8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_ventral.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"\u2640 \u25b3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdA\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:(MHNT)_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For\u00eat_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_ventral.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d1\/%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_ventral.jpg\/330px-%28MHNT%29_Melitaea_athalia_celadussa_-_For%C3%AAt_de_Bouconne_-_Haute-Garonne_-_France_-_female_ventral.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"\u2640 \u25b3\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"211\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdE\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdI\">\u2640 \u25b3<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<dl id=\"rdp-we-mwAdM\"><dt id=\"rdp-we-mwAdQ\">Melitaea athalia lachares<\/dt><\/dl>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-packed\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/gallery\" about=\"#mwt75\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"gallery\",\"attrs\":{\"mode\":\"packed\",\"heights\":\"130px\"},\"body\":{}}'>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\" style=\"width: 197.33333333333px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdY\"><div class=\"thumb\" style=\"width: 195.33333333333px;\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdc\"><span typeof=\"mw:File\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdg\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_fritillary_(Melitaea_athalia_lachares)_underside.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" title=\"M. a. lachares, Estonia\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdk\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heath_fritillary_(Melitaea_athalia_lachares)_underside.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/Heath_fritillary_%28Melitaea_athalia_lachares%29_underside.jpg\/330px-Heath_fritillary_%28Melitaea_athalia_lachares%29_underside.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"M. a. lachares, Estonia\" data-file-type=\"bitmap\" height=\"130\" width=\"196\" class=\"mw-file-element\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAdo\"\/><\/a><\/span><\/div><div class=\"gallerytext\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAds\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwAdw\">M. a. lachares<\/i>, Estonia<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p id=\"rdp-we-mwAd0\">In Portugal and north-west Spain, <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAd4\">M. a. celadussa<\/i> f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAd8\">biedermanni<\/i> Querci is larger than typical <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAeA\">M. a. celadussa<\/i>, with finer black lines in the outer half of the wing, but a thicker discal line; transitional forms occur in central west Spain. In Sierra Nevada, f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAeE\">nevadensis<\/i> <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruggero_Verity\" title=\"Ruggero Verity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeI\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Verity<\/a> is golden yellow with fine black markings (it is also <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voltinism\" title=\"Voltinism\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeM\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">univoltine<\/a>, whereas typical <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAeQ\">M. a. celadussa<\/i> is bivoltine at low altitude). In \"southern\" Europe, f. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAeU\">tenuicola<\/i> Verity occurs in late broods\u2014it is small and its black markings reduced.<sup about=\"#mwt76\" class=\"mw-ref reference\" id=\"rdp-we-cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-11\" rel=\"dc:references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/ref\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"ref\",\"attrs\":{\"name\":\"tolmanlewington\"}}'><a href=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeY\"><span class=\"mw-reflink-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAec\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeg\">[<\/span>3<span class=\"cite-bracket\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAek\">]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"15\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAeo\" aria-labelledby=\"Citations\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-Citations\">Citations<\/h2><\/div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt77\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAes\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Reflist\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Reflist\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"25em\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span><div class=\"mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns\" style=\"column-width: calc( 0.9 * 25em );\" about=\"#mwt77\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAew\"><ol class=\"mw-references references\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/references\" about=\"#mwt79\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAe0\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"references\",\"attrs\":{\"group\":\"\",\"responsive\":\"0\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"}}'><li about=\"#cite_note-BC-nd-1\" id=\"cite_note-BC-nd-1\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"1\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAe4\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BC-nd_1-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAe8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfA\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-BC-nd_1-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfI\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-BC-nd_1-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfQ\">3<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-BC-nd-1\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFButterfly_Conservationn.d.\" about=\"#mwt6\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Butterfly Conservation\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"n.d.\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Butterfly Conservation n.d.<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" id=\"cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"2\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfY\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfg\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfo\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAfw\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAf0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAf4\">4<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAf8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgA\">5<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgI\">6<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-6\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgQ\">7<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-7\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgY\">8<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgg\">9<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgo\">10<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAgw\">11<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg4\">12<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-12\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAg8\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhA\">13<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-13\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhI\">14<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-warrenemmet_2-14\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhQ\">15<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-warrenemmet-2\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFWarrenEmmet1990\" about=\"#mwt10\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhU\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Emmet\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"1990\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Warren <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhY\">&amp;<\/span> Emmet 1990<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" id=\"cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"3\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhk\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAho\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhs\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAhw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAh0\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAh4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAh8\">4<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiE\">5<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-5\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiI\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiM\">6<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-6\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiU\">7<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-7\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiY\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAic\">8<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-8\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAig\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAik\">9<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-9\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAio\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAis\">10<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-10\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAiw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAi0\">11<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tolmanlewington_3-11\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAi4\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAi8\">12<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-tolmanlewington-3\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFTolmanLewington1997\" about=\"#mwt14\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjA\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Tolman\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Lewington\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"1997\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Tolman <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjE\">&amp;<\/span> Lewington 1997<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-tomstill-4\" id=\"cite_note-tomstill-4\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"4\"><span rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjI\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-tomstill_4-0\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjM\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjQ\">1<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tomstill_4-1\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjY\">2<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tomstill_4-2\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjc\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjg\">3<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tomstill_4-3\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjo\">4<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"#cite_ref-tomstill_4-4\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjs\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAjw\">5<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-tomstill-4\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFTomlinsonStill2002\" about=\"#mwt16\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAj0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Tomlinson\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Still\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"2002\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Tomlinson <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAj4\">&amp;<\/span> Still 2002<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Chandler-5\" id=\"cite_note-Chandler-5\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAj8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Chandler_5-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkE\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-Chandler-5\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFChandler2005\" about=\"#mwt19\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Chandler\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2005\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Chandler 2005<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-Cowley-6\" id=\"cite_note-Cowley-6\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cowley_6-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkU\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-Cowley-6\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFCowleyThomasThomasWarren1999\" about=\"#mwt21\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkY\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Cowley\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Thomas\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"Thomas\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"1999\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Cowley et al. 1999<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-7\" id=\"cite_note-7\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkc\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-7\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkg\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkk\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-7\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFIUCN2006\" about=\"#mwt24\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAko\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"IUCN\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2006\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>IUCN 2006<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-8\" id=\"cite_note-8\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAks\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-8\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAkw\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAk0\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-8\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFFoxWarrenAsherBrereton2007\" about=\"#mwt27\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAk4\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Fox\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"Asher\"},\"4\":{\"wt\":\"Brereton\"},\"5\":{\"wt\":\"2007\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Fox et al. 2007<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-9\" id=\"cite_note-9\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAk8\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-9\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlA\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlE\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-9\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFBarnettWarren1995\" about=\"#mwt29\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlI\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Barnett\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"3\":{\"wt\":\"1995\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Barnett <span typeof=\"mw:Entity\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlM\">&amp;<\/span> Warren 1995<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-10\" id=\"cite_note-10\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlQ\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-10\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlU\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlY\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-10\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFBundesamt_f\u00fcr_Naturschutz1998\" about=\"#mwt31\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlc\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Naturschutz\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"1998\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Bundesamt f\u00fcr Naturschutz 1998<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-11\" id=\"cite_note-11\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlg\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-11\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlk\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlo\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-11\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFvan_Swaay2010\" about=\"#mwt33\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAls\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"van Swaay\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>van Swaay 2010<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-12\" id=\"cite_note-12\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAlw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-12\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAl0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAl4\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-12\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFWhalley1981\" about=\"#mwt36\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAl8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Whalley\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"1981\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Whalley 1981<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-13\" id=\"cite_note-13\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmA\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-13\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmE\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmI\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-13\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFGrrlScientist2020\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt42\">GrrlScientist (20 July 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/grrlscientist\/2020\/07\/20\/bison-to-return-to-british-woodland-after-absence-of-more-than-six-millennia\/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmQ\" target=\"_new\">\"Bison To Return To British Woodland After Absence Of More Than Six Millennia\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAmU\">Forbes<\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmY\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmc\">21 July<\/span> 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Forbes&amp;rft.atitle=Bison+To+Return+To+British+Woodland+After+Absence+Of+More+Than+Six+Millennia&amp;rft.date=2020-07-20&amp;rft.au=GrrlScientist&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fgrrlscientist%2F2020%2F07%2F20%2Fbison-to-return-to-british-woodland-after-absence-of-more-than-six-millennia%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt42\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmg\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-14\" id=\"cite_note-14\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmk\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-14\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmo\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAms\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-14\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt45\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAmw\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-07-09\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"European bison to be introduced into Kent woodland\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en-gb\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"BBC News\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-kent-53349929\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-07-10\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt45\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAm0\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/uk-england-kent-53349929\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAm4\" target=\"_new\">\"European bison to be introduced into Kent woodland\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAm8\">BBC News<\/i>. 9 July 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnE\">10 July<\/span> 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=European+bison+to+be+introduced+into+Kent+woodland&amp;rft.date=2020-07-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-kent-53349929&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt45\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnI\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-15\" id=\"cite_note-15\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnM\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-15\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnQ\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnU\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-15\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt48\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Cite news\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_news\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Chantler-Hicks\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Lydia\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-07-10\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Bison to be introduced to Kent woodland\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/www.kentonline.co.uk\/canterbury\/news\/bison-to-be-introduced-to-kent-woodland-230138\/\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"2020-07-11\"},\"work\":{\"wt\":\"Kent Online\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"en\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFChantler-Hicks2020\" class=\"citation news cs1\" about=\"#mwt48\">Chantler-Hicks, Lydia (10 July 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kentonline.co.uk\/canterbury\/news\/bison-to-be-introduced-to-kent-woodland-230138\/\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnc\" target=\"_new\">\"Bison to be introduced to Kent woodland\"<\/a>. <i id=\"rdp-we-mwAng\">Kent Online<\/i><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnk\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAno\">11 July<\/span> 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Kent+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Bison+to+be+introduced+to+Kent+woodland&amp;rft.date=2020-07-10&amp;rft.aulast=Chantler-Hicks&amp;rft.aufirst=Lydia&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentonline.co.uk%2Fcanterbury%2Fnews%2Fbison-to-be-introduced-to-kent-woodland-230138%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt48\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAns\"><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li about=\"#cite_note-savela-16\" id=\"cite_note-savela-16\" data-mw-footnote-number=\"16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAnw\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-savela_16-0\" rel=\"mw:referencedBy\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAn0\"><span class=\"mw-linkback-text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAn4\">\u2191<\/span><\/a><\/span> <span id=\"rdp-we-mw-reference-text-cite_note-savela-16\" class=\"mw-reference-text reference-text\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"#CITEREFSavela2010\" about=\"#mwt69\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" class=\"mw-selflink-fragment\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAn8\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"harvnb\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Harvnb\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Savela\"},\"2\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'>Savela 2010<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"16\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoA\" aria-labelledby=\"References\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-References\">References<\/h2><\/div>\n\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAoE\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwAoI\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt80\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoM\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Barnett\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"L.K.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"M.S.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1995\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Species Action Plan: Heath Fritillary &apos;&apos;Mellicta athalia&apos;&apos;\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Butterfly Conservation\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"East Lulworth, UK\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFBarnettWarren1995\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt80\">Barnett, L.K.; Warren, M.S. (1995), <i>Species Action Plan: Heath Fritillary <\/i>Mellicta athalia<i><span><\/span><\/i>, East Lulworth, UK: Butterfly Conservation<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Species+Action+Plan%3A+Heath+Fritillary+Mellicta+athalia&amp;rft.place=East+Lulworth%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=Butterfly+Conservation&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Barnett&amp;rft.aufirst=L.K.&amp;rft.au=Warren%2C+M.S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt80\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoQ\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAoU\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt82\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoY\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"author\":{\"wt\":\"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Naturschutz\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1998\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Rote Liste gef\u00e4hrdeter Tiere Deutschlands\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Landwirtschaftsverlag\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"M\u00fcnster, Germany\"},\"ISBN\":{\"wt\":\"978-3-89624-110-8\"},\"language\":{\"wt\":\"de\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFBundesamt_f\u00fcr_Naturschutz1998\" class=\"citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source\" about=\"#mwt82\">Bundesamt f\u00fcr Naturschutz (1998), <i>Rote Liste gef\u00e4hrdeter Tiere Deutschlands<\/i> (in German), M\u00fcnster, Germany: Landwirtschaftsverlag, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_(identifier)\" title=\"ISBN (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">ISBN<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span><bdi>978-3-89624-110-8<\/bdi><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Rote+Liste+gef%C3%A4hrdeter+Tiere+Deutschlands&amp;rft.place=M%C3%BCnster%2C+Germany&amp;rft.pub=Landwirtschaftsverlag&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-89624-110-8&amp;rft.au=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Naturschutz&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt82\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)\" about=\"#mwt82\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoc\"\/><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAog\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt84\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAok\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"ref\":{\"wt\":\"{{harvid|Butterfly Conservation|n.d.}}\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"n.d.\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Heath Fritillary &apos;&apos;Melitaea athalia&apos;&apos; factsheet\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Butterfly Conservation\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"East Lulworth, UK\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/butterfly-conservation.org\/sites\/default\/files\/heath_fritillary-psf.pdf\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFButterfly_Conservationn.d.\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt84\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/butterfly-conservation.org\/sites\/default\/files\/heath_fritillary-psf.pdf\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\"><i>Heath Fritillary <\/i>Melitaea athalia<i> factsheet<\/i><\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>, East Lulworth, UK: Butterfly Conservation, n.d.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Heath+Fritillary+Melitaea+athalia+factsheet&amp;rft.place=East+Lulworth%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=Butterfly+Conservation&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbutterfly-conservation.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fheath_fritillary-psf.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt84\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAoo\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAos\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt86\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAow\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Fox\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"R.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"M.S.\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Asher\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"J.\"},\"last4\":{\"wt\":\"Brereton\"},\"first4\":{\"wt\":\"T.M.\"},\"last5\":{\"wt\":\"Roy\"},\"first5\":{\"wt\":\"D.B.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2007\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The State of Britain&apos;s Butterflies 2007\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Butterfly Conservation\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"East Lulworth, UK\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"https:\/\/butterfly-conservation.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-01\/SOBB%202007%20%28final%20version%29.pdf\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFoxWarrenAsherBrereton2007\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt86\">Fox, R.; Warren, M.S.; Asher, J.; Brereton, T.M.; Roy, D.B. (2007), <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/butterfly-conservation.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019-01\/SOBB%202007%20%28final%20version%29.pdf\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\"><i>The State of Britain's Butterflies 2007<\/i><\/a> <span class=\"cs1-format\">(PDF)<\/span>, East Lulworth, UK: Butterfly Conservation<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+State+of+Britain%27s+Butterflies+2007&amp;rft.place=East+Lulworth%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=Butterfly+Conservation&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Fox&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.au=Warren%2C+M.S.&amp;rft.au=Asher%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Brereton%2C+T.M.&amp;rft.au=Roy%2C+D.B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbutterfly-conservation.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2019-01%2FSOBB%25202007%2520%2528final%2520version%2529.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt86\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAo0\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAo4\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt88\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAo8\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite magazine\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_magazine\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Chandler\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"D.\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The fritillaries of Herts &amp; Middlesex in the summer of 2005\"},\"magazine\":{\"wt\":\"Butterfly Conservation Hertfordshire and Middlesex Branch Newsletter\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"43\"},\"date\":{\"wt\":\"September 2005\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"1\u20133\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFChandler2005\" class=\"citation magazine cs1\" about=\"#mwt88\">Chandler, D. (September 2005). \"The fritillaries of Herts &amp; Middlesex in the summer of 2005\". <i>Butterfly Conservation Hertfordshire and Middlesex Branch Newsletter<\/i>. Vol.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span>43. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"nowrap\">1\u2013<\/span>3.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Butterfly+Conservation+Hertfordshire+and+Middlesex+Branch+Newsletter&amp;rft.atitle=The+fritillaries+of+Herts+%26+Middlesex+in+the+summer+of+2005&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.pages=1-3&amp;rft.date=2005-09&amp;rft.aulast=Chandler&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt88\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApA\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwApE\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt90\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApI\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Cowley\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"M.J.R.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Thomas\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"C.D.\"},\"last3\":{\"wt\":\"Thomas\"},\"first3\":{\"wt\":\"J.A.\"},\"last4\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"first4\":{\"wt\":\"M.S.\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Flight areas of British butterflies: assessing species status and decline\"},\"journal\":{\"wt\":\"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"266\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"1587\u20131592\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1999\"},\"doi\":{\"wt\":\"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0819\"},\"issue\":{\"wt\":\"1428\"},\"pmc\":{\"wt\":\"1690168\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFCowleyThomasThomasWarren1999\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt90\">Cowley, M.J.R.; Thomas, C.D.; Thomas, J.A.; Warren, M.S. (1999), \"Flight areas of British butterflies: assessing species status and decline\", <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B<\/i>, <b>266<\/b> (1428): <span class=\"nowrap\">1587\u2013<\/span>1592, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_(identifier)\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098%2Frspb.1999.0819\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">10.1098\/rspb.1999.0819<\/a>, <a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_(identifier)\" title=\"PMC (identifier)\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">PMC<\/a><span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"id-lock-free\" title=\"Freely accessible\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1690168\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">1690168<\/a><\/span><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London+B&amp;rft.atitle=Flight+areas+of+British+butterflies%3A+assessing+species+status+and+decline&amp;rft.volume=266&amp;rft.issue=1428&amp;rft.pages=1587-1592&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1690168%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspb.1999.0819&amp;rft.aulast=Cowley&amp;rft.aufirst=M.J.R.&amp;rft.au=Thomas%2C+C.D.&amp;rft.au=Thomas%2C+J.A.&amp;rft.au=Warren%2C+M.S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt90\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApM\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwApQ\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt92\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApU\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Fuller\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"R.J.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"M.S.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1993\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Coppiced Woodlands: Their Management for Wildlife\"},\"edition\":{\"wt\":\"2nd\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"JNCC\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFFullerWarren1993\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt92\">Fuller, R.J.; Warren, M.S. (1993), <i>Coppiced Woodlands: Their Management for Wildlife<\/i> (2nd<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span>ed.), JNCC<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Coppiced+Woodlands%3A+Their+Management+for+Wildlife&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=JNCC&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.aulast=Fuller&amp;rft.aufirst=R.J.&amp;rft.au=Warren%2C+M.S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt92\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApY\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwApc\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt94\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApg\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation \",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"ref\":{\"wt\":\"{{harvid|IUCN|2006}}\"},\"website\":{\"wt\":\"IUCN\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2006\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"15 June 2007\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFIUCN2006\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt94\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">\"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species\"<\/a>, <i>IUCN<\/i>, 2006<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">, retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">15 June<\/span> 2007<\/span><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IUCN&amp;rft.atitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt94\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApk\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwApo\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt96\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAps\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Savela\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"Markku\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms\"},\"url\":{\"wt\":\"http:\/\/www.funet.fi\/pub\/sci\/bio\/life\/intro.html\"},\"access-date\":{\"wt\":\"30 April 2010\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFSavela2010\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt96\">Savela, Markku (2010), <a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.funet.fi\/pub\/sci\/bio\/life\/intro.html\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\"><i>Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms<\/i><\/a><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">, retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\">30 April<\/span> 2010<\/span><\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lepidoptera+and+Some+Other+Life+Forms&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=Savela&amp;rft.aufirst=Markku&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.funet.fi%2Fpub%2Fsci%2Fbio%2Flife%2Fintro.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt96\" id=\"rdp-we-mwApw\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAp0\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt98\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAp4\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"cite book\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Cite_book\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Tolman\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"T.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Lewington\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"R.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1997\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Collins Field Guide: Butterflies of Britain &amp; Europe\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"HarperCollins Publishers\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"London, UK\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"174\u2013176\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTolmanLewington1997\" class=\"citation book cs1\" about=\"#mwt98\">Tolman, T.; Lewington, R. (1997). <i>Collins Field Guide: Butterflies of Britain &amp; Europe<\/i>. London, UK: HarperCollins Publishers. pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"nowrap\">174\u2013<\/span>176.<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Collins+Field+Guide%3A+Butterflies+of+Britain+%26+Europe&amp;rft.place=London%2C+UK&amp;rft.pages=174-176&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.aulast=Tolman&amp;rft.aufirst=T.&amp;rft.au=Lewington%2C+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt98\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAp8\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAqA\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt100\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqE\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Tomlinson\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"D.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Still\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"R.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2002\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"Britain&apos;s Butterflies\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"WildGuides\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Old Basing, UK\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"124\u2013125\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFTomlinsonStill2002\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt100\">Tomlinson, D.; Still, R. (2002), <i>Britain's Butterflies<\/i>, Old Basing, UK: WildGuides, pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"nowrap\">124\u2013<\/span>125<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Butterflies&amp;rft.place=Old+Basing%2C+UK&amp;rft.pages=124-125&amp;rft.pub=WildGuides&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.aulast=Tomlinson&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rft.au=Still%2C+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt100\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqI\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAqM\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt102\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqQ\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"van Swaay\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"C.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"2010\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"European Red List of Butterflies\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Publications Office of the European Union\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Luxemburg\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFvan_Swaay2010\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt102\">van Swaay, C. (2010), <i>European Red List of Butterflies<\/i>, Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=European+Red+List+of+Butterflies&amp;rft.place=Luxemburg&amp;rft.pub=Publications+Office+of+the+European+Union&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.aulast=van+Swaay&amp;rft.aufirst=C.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt102\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqU\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAqY\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt104\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqc\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last1\":{\"wt\":\"Warren\"},\"first1\":{\"wt\":\"M.S.\"},\"last2\":{\"wt\":\"Emmet\"},\"first2\":{\"wt\":\"A.M.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1990\"},\"chapter\":{\"wt\":\"&apos;&apos;Mellicta athalia&apos;&apos; (Rottemburg)\"},\"pages\":{\"wt\":\"241\u2013243\"},\"editor1-last\":{\"wt\":\"Emmet\"},\"editor1-first\":{\"wt\":\"A.M.\"},\"editor2-last\":{\"wt\":\"J.\"},\"editor2-first\":{\"wt\":\"Heath\"},\"display-editors\":{\"wt\":\"etal\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. &apos;&apos;The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland&apos;&apos;\"},\"volume\":{\"wt\":\"7 part 1 (Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae)\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Harley Books\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"Colchester, UK\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWarrenEmmet1990\" class=\"citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol\" about=\"#mwt104\">Warren, M.S.; Emmet, A.M. (1990), \"<i>Mellicta athalia<\/i> (Rottemburg)\", in Emmet, A.M.; J., Heath; et<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span>al. (eds.), <i>The Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. <\/i>The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland<i><span><\/span><\/i>, vol.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span>7 part 1 (Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae), Colchester, UK: Harley Books, pp.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"nowrap\">241\u2013<\/span>243<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mellicta+athalia+%28Rottemburg%29&amp;rft.btitle=The+Butterflies+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland.+The+Moths+and+Butterflies+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&amp;rft.place=Colchester%2C+UK&amp;rft.pages=241-243&amp;rft.pub=Harley+Books&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.aulast=Warren&amp;rft.aufirst=M.S.&amp;rft.au=Emmet%2C+A.M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt104\"><\/span><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value\" about=\"#mwt104\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqg\"\/><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwAqk\"><link rel=\"mw-deduplicated-inline-style\" href=\"mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106\" about=\"#mwt106\" typeof=\"mw:Extension\/templatestyles mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqo\" data-mw='{\"name\":\"templatestyles\",\"attrs\":{\"src\":\"Module:Citation\/CS1\/styles.css\"},\"body\":{\"extsrc\":\"\"},\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"citation\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Citation\"},\"params\":{\"last\":{\"wt\":\"Whalley\"},\"first\":{\"wt\":\"P.\"},\"year\":{\"wt\":\"1981\"},\"title\":{\"wt\":\"The Mitchell Beazley Pocket Guide to Butterflies\"},\"publisher\":{\"wt\":\"Mitchell Beazley\"},\"location\":{\"wt\":\"London\"},\"page\":{\"wt\":\"77\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'\/><cite id=\"rdp-we-CITEREFWhalley1981\" class=\"citation cs2\" about=\"#mwt106\">Whalley, P. (1981), <i>The Mitchell Beazley Pocket Guide to Butterflies<\/i>, London: Mitchell Beazley, p.<span typeof=\"mw:Entity\">\u00a0<\/span>77<\/cite><span title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mitchell+Beazley+Pocket+Guide+to+Butterflies&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=77&amp;rft.pub=Mitchell+Beazley&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft.aulast=Whalley&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeath+fritillary\" class=\"Z3988\" about=\"#mwt106\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqs\"><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/section><section data-mw-section-id=\"17\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAqw\" aria-labelledby=\"External_links\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"rdp-we-External_links\">External links<\/h2><\/div>\n<span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt108\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAq0\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Wikispecies\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Wikispecies\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Melitaea athalia\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/span>\n<ul id=\"rdp-we-mwAq8\"><li id=\"rdp-we-mwArA\"><span class=\"noviewer sister-project-logo\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion mw:File\" about=\"#mwt112\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArE\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Commons category-inline\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Commons_category-inline\"},\"params\":{\"1\":{\"wt\":\"Melitaea athalia\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg\" class=\"mw-file-description wiki-link\" target=\"_new\"><img resource=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg\" src=\"https:\/\/thumb.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;utm_campaign=parser&amp;utm_content=thumbnail\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Wikimedia Commons logo\" data-file-type=\"drawing\" height=\"16\" width=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\"\/><\/a><\/span><span about=\"#mwt112\"> Media related to <\/span><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Melitaea%20athalia\" title=\"commons:Category:Melitaea athalia\" about=\"#mwt112\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Melitaea athalia<\/a><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata\" about=\"#mwt112\"\/><span about=\"#mwt112\"> at Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwArI\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ukbutterflies.co.uk\/species.php?vernacular_name=Heath%20Fritillary\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArM\" target=\"_new\">UK Butterflies \u2013 Heath fritillary entry, including images of life stages<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"rdp-we-mwArQ\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/environment\/nature\/uk-butterflies\/butterflies-of-the-british-isles-1760329.html?action=Popup&ino=41\" class=\"external text\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArU\" target=\"_new\"><i id=\"rdp-we-mwArY\">The Independent<\/i> \"Butterflies of the British Isles\" \u2013 Heath fritillary <i id=\"rdp-we-mwArc\">Melitaea athalia<\/i><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"navbox-styles\" about=\"#mwt113\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArg\" data-mw='{\"parts\":[{\"template\":{\"target\":{\"wt\":\"Taxonbar\",\"href\":\".\/Template:Taxonbar\"},\"params\":{\"from\":{\"wt\":\"Q651464\"}},\"i\":0}}]}'><\/div><div role=\"navigation\" class=\"navbox\" aria-labelledby=\"Taxon_identifiers3170\" style=\"padding:3px\" about=\"#mwt113\"><table class=\"nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner\" style=\"border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"col\" class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"2\"><div id=\"rdp-we-Taxon_identifiers3170\" style=\"font-size:114%;margin:0 4em\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Taxon_identifiers\" title=\"Help:Taxon identifiers\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Taxon identifiers<\/a><\/div><\/th><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Melitaea athalia<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q651464\" title=\"wikidata:Q651464\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Q651464<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikispecies\" title=\"Wikispecies\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikispecies<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/species.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Melitaea%20athalia\" title=\"wikispecies:Melitaea athalia\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Melitaea athalia<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">BioLib: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biolib.cz\/en\/taxon\/id51619\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">51619<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System\" title=\"Barcode of Life Data System\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">BOLD<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/bench.boldsystems.org\/index.php\/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=26912\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">26912<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catalogue_of_Life\" title=\"Catalogue of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">CoL<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.catalogueoflife.org\/data\/taxon\/9458B\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">9458B<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fauna_Europaea\" title=\"Fauna Europaea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fauna Europaea<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eu-nomen.eu\/portal\/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:441611\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">441611<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fauna_Europaea\" title=\"Fauna Europaea\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Fauna Europaea (new)<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/fauna-eu.org\/cdm_dataportal\/taxon\/8173f6ea-9838-4155-a0be-e9a8a1b0bab8\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">8173f6ea-9838-4155-a0be-e9a8a1b0bab8<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a> (old): <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/1899433\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">1899433<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INaturalist\" title=\"INaturalist\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">iNaturalist<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/inaturalist.org\/taxa\/132875\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">132875<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">Insecta.pro: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/insecta.pro\/taxonomy\/8596\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">8596<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera\" title=\"Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">IRMNG<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irmng.org\/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10883866\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">10883866<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Global_Lepidoptera_Names_Index\" title=\"The Global Lepidoptera Names Index\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">LepIndex<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nhm.ac.uk\/our-science\/data\/lepindex\/detail?taxonno=155506\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">155506<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">LoB: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/projects.biodiversity.be\/lepidoptera\/species\/5215\/\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">5215<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\">MaBENA: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leps.it\/indexjs.htm?SpeciesPages\/MellicAthal.htm\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">MellicAthal<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Biodiversity_Network\" title=\"National Biodiversity Network\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">NBN<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/species.nbnatlas.org\/species\/NHMSYS0000503190\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">NHMSYS0000503190<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Observation.org\" title=\"Observation.org\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Observation.org<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/observation.org\/species\/674\/\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">674<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_Tree_of_Life\" title=\"Open Tree of Life\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Open Tree of Life<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/tree.opentreeoflife.org\/taxonomy\/browse?id=462648\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">462648<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\" class=\"navbox-group\" style=\"width:1%;text-align: left;\"><i>Papilio athalia<\/i><\/th><td class=\"navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even\" style=\"width:100%;padding:0\"><div style=\"padding:0 0.25em\">\n<ul><li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikidata\" title=\"Wikidata\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">Wikidata<\/a>: <span class=\"uid\"><span class=\"external\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\/Interwiki\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q109585045\" title=\"wikidata:Q109585045\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" target=\"_new\">Q109585045<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"white-space:nowrap;\"><a rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility\" title=\"Global Biodiversity Information Facility\" target=\"_new\" class=\"wiki-link\">GBIF<\/a> (old): <span class=\"uid\"><a rel=\"external_link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gbif.org\/species\/7556550\" class=\"external text\" target=\"_new\">7556550<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><span class=\"mw-empty-elt\" about=\"#mwt113\"><link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Taxonbars_with_automatically_added_original_combinations\"\/><\/span>\n\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Butterflies_of_Europe\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArk\"\/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Butterflies_described_in_1775\" id=\"rdp-we-mwAro\"\/>\n<link rel=\"mw:PageProp\/Category\" href=\".\/Category:Melitaea\" id=\"rdp-we-mwArs\"\/><\/section>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nParsed by mw\u2010api\u2010int.codfw.main\u2010798457bd9b\u2010pw66q\nCached time: 20261108115035\nCache expiry: 2592000\nCache expiry source: Module:Citation\/CS1 (os.date(%Y))\nReduced expiry: false\nComplications: [vary\u2010revision\u2010sha1, show\u2010toc, use\u2010parsoid]\nCPU time usage: 0.673 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.900 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node 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Rendering was triggered because: MediaWiki\\Rest\\Handler\\Helper\\HtmlOutputRendererHelper::getParserOutput\n -->\n\n<!-- Parsoid 0.25.0.0-alpha1 -->\n<\/div><!--\nPost\u2010processing cache key enwiki:postproc\u2010parsoid\u2010pcache:2221512:|#|:idhash:injectTOC=0!postproc=1!skin=vector\u20102022!useParsoid=1!visibleLinks=single, generated at 20261108140619\n--><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" style=\"border: none; position: absolute;\"><\/noscript>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/main>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"mw-footer-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div> \n\n<div class=\"mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet\" id=\"rdp-we-p-dock-bottom\">\n\t<ul>\n\t\t\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div><!-- #rdp-we-main -->[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1458317537009{background-color: #efefef !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1477992502208{background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}&#8221;]Melitaea athalia\u00a0&#8211; Rottemburg, 1775 (sin. Mellicta\u00a0athalia\u00a0Billberg, 1820)[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Farfalla diurna della famiglia dei Ninfalidi. \u00c8 una piccola farfalla piuttosto comune, difficilmente distinguibile da varie specie simili. Frequenta margini dei boschi, radure, prati magri, dalla zona collinare sino alla montagna (circa m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[172,173,363,174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insetti","category-lepidoptera","category-melitaea","category-nymphalidae"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10005","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10005"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10005\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11347,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10005\/revisions\/11347"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10005"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10005"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.montagneaperte.it\/ambienteebiodiversita\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10005"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}